And what do we find? Mutations - Mutatiions. Some people refer to them as MUTILATIONS!
It is necessary for you to be aware of these BUT DON'T WORRY about not learning them all!
For the moment let's look at some examples.
We'll start with the TREIGLIAD TRWYNOL - the nasal mutation. which affects six letters p t g b d g which change after FY (MY); so have a look at these :
p -> mh
pen - fy mhen ..... dw i wedi taro fy mhen (I've hit my head!)
pres - fy mhres .... dw i wedi colli fy mhres! (I've lost my cash!)
fy mhensil .... dw i wedi colli fy mhensil (I've lost my pencil)
t -> nh
traed - fy nhraed .... mae fy nhraed yn oer! (My feet are cold)
taid - fy nhaid ..... mae fy nhaid yn wael (My grandad is poorly)
c -> ngh.
cariad - fy nghariad ..... mae nghariad i'n Fenws!
cawl - fy nghawl ..... mae fy nghawl yn oer.
b -> m
brawd - fy mrawd .... mae fy mrawd wedi mynd i Dregaron.
bysedd - fy mysedd ... mae fy mysedd yn oer! (My fingers are cold)
d -> n
dant - fy nant .... mae fy nant yn brifo! (My tooth is hurting)
dwylo - fy nwylo ... mae fy nwylo yn oer ( hands ,,,, )
g -> ng
gwraig - fy ngwraig .... mae fy ngwraig wedi mynd i siopa.
gwr - fy ngwr .... mae fy ngwr yn gweithio ar y til yn Tesco
gwddw - fy ngwddw ... mae fy ngwddw i'n oer
Notice the nasal mutation only affects SIX letters - p t c b d g
After the word dy (your - personal form) the SOFT MUTATION - TR. MEDDAL affects 9 letters.
Tr. Meddal ar ôl dy Tr. Trwynol ar ôl fy
p partnar -> dy bartnar fy mhartnar
t tad -> dy dad fy nhad
c car -> dy gar fy nghar
b brawd -> dy frawd fy mrawd
d doctor -> dy ddoctor fy noctor
g gwr / gwraig -> dy wr / dy wraig fy ngwr / fy ngwraig
m mam -> dy fam fy mam
ll llygaid - > dy lygaid fy llygaid
rh rhieni -> dy rieni fy rhieni
LLE MAE DY WRAIG HENO? MAE FY NGWRAIG YN CHWARAE BINGO!
LLE MAE DY DAD YN BYW? MAE FY NHAD YN BYW YN Y BALA
BETH YDY ENW DY GI? PERO YDY ENW FY NGHI
BETH YDY MÊC DY GAR DI? HONDA YDY MÊC FY NGHAR I.
BETH YDY LLIW DY LYGAID? BROWN YDY LLIW FY LLYGAID I.
LLE MAE DY RIENI HENO 'MA? MAE FY RHIENI WEDI MYND AR WYLIAU I SPAEN.
THE THIRD MUTATION IS CALLED THE "TREIGLIAD LLAES" - THE ASPIRATIVE MUTATION
IT ONLY AFFECTS THREE LETTERS - p t c
The Welsh word ei can indicate his or her.
When we use the feminine form (ei = her) then there is an opportunity to use the Treigliad Llaes.
Tr. Meddal Tr. Llaes
pwrs ei bwrs o ei phwrs hi
tad ei dad o ei thad hi
côt ei gôt o ei chôt hi
HOWEVER WE ALSO USE AN ASPIRATE H BEFORE A VOWEL ..... to soften the blow!
Lle mae ei harian hi? Faint ydy ei hoed hi rwan?
So in this section we've looked at the mutations used after fy (my) dy (your) and ei (his) / ei (her)
Try and recognise these on hearing them used by Welsh speakers - howver do bear in mind that very few people indeed succeed in using mutations 100% correctly.
Copy this address into your browser and you can practice telling the time in Welsh :
http://resources.oswego.org/games/ClassClock/clockres.html
